Session Date/Time: 19 Mar 2026 04:45
Transcribe the audio from the provided video into a verbatim transcript in Markdown format. Label each speaker change in bold.
Speaker 1: Hello, ladies and gentlemen. So, we are five co-hosts. We share some information. We, CNNIC and Tsinghua University, and Computer Network Information Center of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Communications Standards Association, Internet Society of China, we built the foundation of the internet together. Collaboration for the development of standards, so, together, we work to make the internet better. Why we're here? Because CNNIC is originally from Chinese Academy of Sciences, so Tsinghua University and Chinese Academy of Sciences and Peking University built the first internet of China. So, in the mentioned of internet, so CCSA, we actually we also have a lot of IETF standards. CCSA help some Chinese IETF standards deployed in China. China Internet Society also help together to encourage more young generation to join IETF work. So, this is our aim maybe or proposal.
So here, now we share my slide. So, everyone have, maybe I can give a timer. Everyone five, eight minutes.
So first we give some introduction about CNNIC. CNNIC is ccTLD registry, .cn, we also .China, Chinese version, also have some gTLD, .company, .网络, company and network, also we are national IP address center. We also do some surveys, also do some research. CNNIC have currently has 300 staff. But for this IETF meeting, we fifty around fifty staff fly from Beijing to here to support IETF meeting. So, just make the IETF meeting run better.
So, we have, we call our research as internet infrastructure resource layer research, naming, DNS, addressing, IP address, also routing, BGP. Also are relative work, also do some survey. We, for example, how many population in China already get online. Now, already more than one billion internet users in China.
These are key technology and platform in CNNIC. So we have two core platforms. Global DNS Service platform of ccTLD, big data platform for internet infrastructure resources and DNS resolution products, DNS business management system, also we have think tank, will give some proposal or some policy relative research. We have six key technology: DNS protocol and architectures, big data analysis, DNS software and hardware products, network identifier and future networks, DNS security systems, internet routing system.
So, we have an architecture of internet infrastructure resources service. So currently we have actually CNNIC is mainly relative to domain names and DNS, so we some any systems relative to domain names and IP address.
So, we also have a national engineering laboratory for internet domain name management technology. We currently we have three major direction: key technology for internet fundamental resources, internet industry development and governance, innovation technology for internet fundamental resources. Here is also key technologies.
So, we also reflection on the innovation development of internet infrastructure resources. We also have standards. Currently I personally I mainly work in IETF standards, email, domain name, DNS, IDN relative. We also platform, software. Also we have a satellite internet, also some now have a AI-related technology. So, we also do some research. In CNNIC half of CNNIC staff are relative to technology work, also half of them have a technical background.
So now, we have in DNS in AI area as a internet as a AI area, DNS also ready to play a active strategy role in understanding intelligence-driven application and service. So because DNS is important in in this area in current internet. I think in future with internet of AI agent, I hope DNS still play key role in internet of AI agents.
So, we also have some products use AI-empowered service system for internet infrastructure resources. So, every product, every service, every software, we make some AI ready, we try to make adapt to the AI.
So, with the agent DNS, we have, my view, traditional App and website we use domain name for addressing, rely on domain name system for access domain name as service. So, what's the difference of traditional app or traditional website and AI agent? We can regard AI agent as new App or super App or super website. So, from this kind there are no big difference. Just the AI agent is more clever or more intelligent than the current App or website. So, they still need naming, naming and locating. So, because they are still based on current TCP/IP protocol or current internet protocol. So naming for AI agent still I think is still DNS will still play key roles.
So, AI agents require domain names just like traditional App and website. So, AI agent, I think IETF will still play key roles.
So, in this IETF meeting Monday we have a side meeting Monday morning, we have a side meeting: Interconnecting and Discovery of AI Agents on the Internet. From this discussions, many experts share their views. One thing I think many experts agree, DNS still keep our important role in naming, but discovery of maybe need invent more technology or new technology. But naming is a standard, DNS I can, I think we can play a very important role in the future naming system of agent DNS.
So, in China, we also have discussion with many experts or many organizations, many companies, we have discussion. Also AI is a DNS agent or AI-related technology is very hot topic in some universities, for example, in Tsinghua University, some students, oh, if the supervisor no AI-related, oh, I will change supervisor or change to another area. So AI is very very important. All students are focus on are interested in it.
So, agent DNS, also we have a testing or implementation or platform, there are also current prototype Hackathon. So, thank you. So, next speaker is from Professor Cui.
Professor Yong Cui: Thank you. So, where’s my slides? Anyway, so welcome to this lunch meeting and also welcome to this IETF meeting in China. This is Yong Cui from Tsinghua University. OK, OK, we got my slides.
So, I will say something about Tsinghua University at IETF from solving the problem to shaping the internet standards. And this is the outline. I would like to go through this why Tsinghua at IETF. As you may know we run three networks: the largest education and research network in the world. The CERNET-1 we have around 20 million users in this CERNET-1 in IPv4, and also we run the second one, CERNET-2 in IPv6, and also the future internet backbone as CERNET-3.
So, when we run the networks, we find the real problems to solve and then we go to the academic research to see what is the problem and what is the innovation. When we make a lot of breakthrough ideas, we also have the very first ranking in the CS ranking, so this year in CS ranking our Tsinghua University ranked the first, the very first on the field of computer networks. And we also developed the core routers and some system even equipment. For example, the first IPv6 core routers in China. And we also apply this equipment and systems in our network. And when we make through this circle, we find IETF is the right place to enlarge or improve our innovation into the real world to get the impact. So we came to IETF in 20 years ago, more than 20 years ago.
So, what problem we helped solve here? We focused on the internet architecture, especially on the scalability and also security. For example, how to use IPv6 for our scalable internet, especially for the seamless IPv4-IPv6 global co-existence. And for the security, we also look for the fundamental security issues like eliminating IP spoofing from the access network or even to the backbone routings.
So, here the scalability, especially on IPv4-IPv6 co-existence. So we initiated the Softwire working group for tunneling transition from IPv4 to IPv6, especially on the 4-over-6 technologies. And additionally, we also contribute a lot in Behave working group for the translation transitions, namely IVI. If you know IVI, IV means four and VI means six, so IVI.
And also for the security part, we especially focus on the source address validation. When we came to IETF in the very early we hope to solve this problem as architecture and after the feedback from IETF we make some kind of improvement, namely SAVI. SAVI improvement working group we form this working group more than 10 years ago and standardized access network mechanism. And also recently, we also helped form another working group named SAVNET for the intra-domain and inter-domain networks for source address validation.
And especially we also look for some application issues like low latency. We started a BOF for the Internet Storage Synchronization for the cloud storage service and also work on the interconnectivity for agent-to-agent communications and some manageability issues, especially for the large-scale model for agent networking, including net protocol testing, network management and DDoS attack defense.
So, here we get how this effort became our community impact. So Tsinghua University contributed more than 20 RFCs, placing it the third in China, and actually we also lead different institutions in China to IETF. We hosted the first IETF conference in China that is 16 years ago in Beijing. And maybe some of you have been to Beijing for this IETF meeting, right?
And also some of our professors got the receipt from different things, like Professor Jianping Wu has received the Jonathan Postel Service Award and both Professor Jianping Wu and Professor Xing Li have been inducted into the Internet Hall of Fame. And Professor Xing Li was also the first IAB member in China.
Actually from the experience of more than 20 years in IETF, when I personally came to IETF meeting from time to time back to 2005, there were only five guys from China mainland, including me and Jiankang Yao in that time. Now there are more than several hundred people from China in to IETF, right? This is a very good improvement.
And what what we have learned in IETF, especially as a university, I would like to special give special thanks to IETF. Someone said this is the beautiful heaven for the technical contribution to the internet. I'm not sure if you all agree, but we believe so. And here top experts provide the detailed guidance to our newcomer students and that's a very good environment.
And when we provide some issues to IETF like the, you know, the registration cost is pretty high, especially for the student. And then IETF gave the quick response to have a low student registration rate. And this time, we also have the IETF Talent Program. That’s very good. And we also have some challenge here, for example, how to make the short-term visible result to the student, especially for two-year or three-year students. So we hope to have flexible and quick achievement, especially for the student. Maybe this is an issue for IETF to solve if you hope to have this kind of newcomer as your student. And so hope to cooperate with every one of you. Thank you.
Speaker 1: Thank you. Next speaker is from Yanbiao Li.
Yanbiao Li: Good afternoon, everyone, and a very warm welcome to Shenzhen. I'm Yanbiao Li from the Computer Network Information Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences. We are honored to co-host this IETF meeting. One topic in today's panel is industry-academia integration. I'd like to share some of our perspectives and practices under the theme “Driving IT Innovation with Advanced Information Technology”. Here, while the word IT commonly refers to information technology broadly, in our context, it relates most closely to the evolution and application of internet technologies.
About 32 years ago, a full function link was established between the NSFNET and the China network and computing facility. This marked China's entry and the 77th country connected to the global internet. Notably, this historic access point was located at the very site where the CNIC was founded. Then we developed the first router in China and deployed China's first .cn domain name server.
CNIC runs a national backbone network called CSTNet. It connects all the institutions in Chinese Academy of Sciences and more than 80% national research infrastructures in China. CSTNet operates its own international exports, providing network services primarily to support international scientific research collaboration.
Actually, unlike most research institutes, we have dual roles across academia and industry. As an institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences, our core mission is to advance science through pioneering research and innovation. Simultaneously, as the operator of national scientific IT infrastructures, our parallel mission is to develop and deploy reliable systems, delivering high-quality network and computing services.
This dual role is significantly broadened the origin of our research problems, drawn from both curiosity-driven exploration and practical necessity. However, this leads us to a fundamental question: how can we ensure that research innovations are engineering ready and can be effectively translated into operational services?
Our approach to bridging the gap is a hybrid virtual-physical evaluation platform. It connects three core elements: the cloud network emulator, multiple experimental network slices on CSTNet, and a globe cross-network testbed. The platform is built on a suite of advanced IT technologies, including FlexE, EVPN, SRv6, and lightweight virtualization to name only a few.
Here is a typical workflow with this platform. It begins with a research problem. After completing an innovative solution design, the evaluation process proceeds as follows. The design is first tested and assessed via a large-scale cloud network emulation and is then implemented on hardware devices for hardware-in-the-loop verification and evaluation. Next, it is deployed on selected experimental network slices for system-level validation and evaluation. Once all these stages are passed successfully, the solution can be deployed into the production network for real-world applications. Meanwhile, issues identified in operational systems are collected and analyzed, directly informing the next iteration of research and closing the feedback loop.
Here is an example of problem-driven research. Two years ago, while planning the deployment of RPKI-ROV in CSTNet, we conducted a comprehensive evaluation of existing implementations. Then we identified a common performance issue: the validation speed is inversely proportional to the number of valid routes. Through in-depth analysis, we traced this issue to the validation model itself. RFC 6811 explicitly defines a cover-first then match model, which can quickly output a not-found status but delays the processing of valid routes. This design made sense in the early days of RPKI, when very few BGP routes were covered by the route origin authorizations. Today, however, over 60% of BGP routes are covered, and this number continues to grow. In light of this, we proposed a new match-first then cover model that can output the valid status and the earliest possible stage. Then we instantiated this model and the hierarchical hashing scheme, accelerating ROV multiple times with performance that improves alongside RPKI coverage. The solution was implemented in software routers and validated on our cross-network evaluation platform.
A powerful evaluation platform can also empower the exploration of new research frontiers. Here are two examples. In this first case, our platform fosters innovation in multi-agent systems for automating routing security operations. A general LLM-based commander agent interprets requests and coordinates specialized agents, which collaboratively execute tasks ranging from BGP anomaly detection to root cause localization. These agents are deployed on our evaluation platform, where they learn from evaluation results to automatically adjust their policies.
In satellite network research and development, a powerful emulator is invaluable, as deploying and evaluating innovations on real satellites is very difficult and costly. Our platform can construct a virtual satellite network with tens of thousands of nodes within minutes, reconfigure thousands of virtual links in milliseconds during runtime, and support hardware-in-the-loop testing. Building on this foundation, we have studied a variety of constellation architectures and developed a suite of new protocols.
Okay, I’ll stop here. Thank you.
Speaker 1: Let’s maybe save some time.
Zhaoshi Zhu: OK, thank you. This is Zhaoshi Zhu from CCSA. Today I’m very glad to be here to share some information about CCSA and the relationship between CCSA standards and IETF standards.
My slides consist of two main parts. The first is introduction of CCSA, including the membership, organizational structure, standards, and also about the activity dates from the last year. And the second part is the introduction about the relationship between CCSA standards and IETF standards as well as IPv6 standards in China.
This slide you can see that the CCSA membership increased from 2002. In that year CCSA was established. The membership has grown from 109 to 1200 last year, representing about eleven-fold increase.
This chart shows the membership composition. Among CCSA members, the manufacturers account for the largest share at about 40%, followed by the internet service provider at 20%, and then the R&D research institutes as well as the universities. In recent years, the number of members from vertical industries such as finance, home appliance, and the automotive have been increasing year by year.
This chart shows the organizational structure of CCSA. At the top is the general assembly followed by the council. The general assembly is the highest authority of CCSA. Under the board, also another name is council, we have the technical management committee, technical committees, and special task groups and standards promoting committees and the secretariat. Currently, we have a totally 13 technical committees. Technical committees is the main technical body in CCSA. And these technical committees covered nearly all the communication fields, including the fiber communication, mobile communication, security, and also of course the internet standards. Under each technical committee, we have several working groups which carry out specific standards development according to their respective fields. In addition to the technical committees, we also have several special task groups and special project groups, which are more flexible and time-sensitive in terms of the establishment and the dissolution.
This slide shows all the standard promoting committees. The main purpose of the standard promoting committee is to be responsible for the promotion of standards and the pre-research of standards, including the conformance testing and experimental verification. They are mainly cover the emerging and the converged technology fields such as the finance, healthcare, and smart home and other sectors.
This chart shows the number of standards that published by, not published, developed by CCSA over the years. The standards drafted by CCSA fall into the three categories. You can see the three different colors. The first one is national standards, is issued by the SAC, the government. And also the industry standard issued by the MIIT, also the government. The third category is the CCSA standards, issued by CCSA itself. You can see that green part is CCSA standard. In recent years, we have issued about 600 to 700 standards annually. And industry standard still account for the largest part, while the number of CCSA standards have been increasing year by year.
This chart shows CCSA’s activity dates for the last year. We have about 1200 members through the year and we have about 500 standards meetings and also we have about 3000 ongoing projects. In the past two years, to improve the efficiency of standards development, CCSA have shortened the standards development circle from two years to one year. This means that we will need further increase the number of standards meetings in the future.
Okay next, I would like to give a brief introduction to the collaboration between CCSA and IETF standards. As a leading standards organization in China, CCSA pays much more importance to the global collaboration and we cooperated with IETF on the standards adoption. First, one we our work focus on three areas. The first is we actively adopt and transform mature IETF standards. Second, we carry out the customized R&D closely aligned with the actual needs of domestic industries. The third one is on this basis we have established a comprehensive standard system that follows international trends while supporting domestic development. As you can see that many of our technical committees, including the internet appliance, network capabilities, network management, and network security are closely aligned with IETF core technical areas. We jointly promote the development of relevant technical standards.
Finally, let’s look at about the IPv6 standards in China. To promote this initiative, CCSA established a dedicated IPv6 standards working group in 2021. This working group focus on the five core areas: innovative technologies, address management, monitoring and evaluation, industry appliance, and security protection. To date, we have successfully issued 38 national standards. And looking ahead, we are also actively planning for the future and have launched the development of a second batch of 13 national standards, aiming to further improve our standard system to meet the demands for IPv6 technology development.
Okay, that’s all my introduction. Thank you so much. I’m looking forward for the close collaborate between CCSA and IETF. Thank you so much.
David: Distinguished experts and colleagues, good afternoon. Hi, I'm David from the Internet Society of China and the deputy secretary general. First, it's a great pleasure to share the ISC practices in promoting young engineers' participation in the IETF and international internet standardization. And today I will focus on how can we help young engineers move from learning about the IETF to actively contributing and growing within it.
The importance of the IETF is not only in technical influence, but also in its open and community-driven model. And enabling young engineers to understand the IETF, engage with its community, and participate in international standardization is both meaningful and practical.
Okay, please give me one minute to introduce the Internet Society of China. ISC founded on May 25th 2001, is a non-profit social organization in China's internet industry. And ISC co-hosted IETF 79 in Beijing, China, 2010. So ISC committed to promoting internet technology innovation and industrial cooperation and international exchanges. And built an extensive platform connecting with industry and academia and research communities in China and beyond. We believe that supporting young technical talent to engage in global internet governance and standardization is crucial for individual growth and for the long-term development of the technical community.
So, last year we together with CNNIC and Tsinghua University, CCSA, Huawei, and ZTE jointly launched the IETF Talent Development Program to support young scholars in participating in international internet standardization and help young engineers understand IETF mechanisms and follow technical discussions and gradually participate in standardization through continuous learning and practice.
And this time, there are 59 students participated in the program, including 13 normal and 46 new. So, it's a new step.
And from our experience, young engineers usually go through four stages of development in the IETF. The first one is learn and the second one is engage and the third stage is practice and the fourth stage is contribute continuously.
And ISC has explored several practical approaches. First is technical exchange platforms, such as we provide engineers with opportunities to communicate and share experiences and learn from each other. And second, we such as training activities and some workshops and help young engineers become familiar with IETF processes and discussion methods and international standardization practices. And the last one is such as international conferences and exchanges, encourage participation to gain first-hand experience and improve the ability to engage in global technical collaboration. And through this efforts, we hope to form a practical talent development pathway to learn and to engage and to practice and the last to contribute.
And as we all know some there are still several challenges remain, such as participation cost, so we have to buy the the ticket to participate in the IETF meetings, and knowledge gap, some many young engineers are still not fully familiar with IETF processes and community culture. The last one is such as inconsistent support is very important because support from organizations in terms of time and resources and long-term encouragement is sometimes limited. So looking ahead, we believe progress can be made in four areas. And first one is systematic talent cultivation, and the second one is collaboration across organizations, and open and inclusive technical community, and the last one is institutional and resource support. So there are still have some process to make.
And ISC will continue to serve as a bridge and a platform and actively promoting technical exchange and international cooperation. And we also look forward to strengthening exchanges and collaboration with all stakeholders such as multi-stakeholders and combined experts and universities and enterprises and some colleagues to enable the next generation of engineerings to contribute to the global internet community. So just as ISC is a non-profit organization in China internet field, so we just a is a bridge and platform to combine all kinds of resources and some all kinds of organizations such as enterprises and universities and some research communities as we work together to improve the participation for the young engineers to participate the IETF especially for the international standardization. So I think it's a because we have work together and make some more cooperations in the future and to make a better future for the young engineers to participate the international standardization. So it's a very great step, but still is a long way to go, but we have make a step. Thank you. It's my speech. Thank you.
Speaker 1: Now is open for questions. So any question you can ask the panel, panelists. Thank you.
Rodney Meyer: Hi, sorry I forgot to sign in and I’m just struggling to find it here. Rodney Meyer from Keio University. I’ll get signed in here in a second. One of you was talking about the relationship between CCSA and IETF right there at the end. Can you say a little bit more about how standards for communications in China actually work? Are you allowed to use systems? So the IETF standards don’t have the force of law, right? But in order to be used in China, do they have to be ratified by CCSA and have the force of law in some sense?
Zhaoshi Zhu: Okay, thank you so much for your question. From the perspective of CCSA we all pay much attention to the close collaboration between CCSA and the other international or regional standards organizations. Of course, IETF is a very important partner for CCSA. In recent years, we have established a communication channel with visited and participate in IETF meetings. And in technical area, for CCSA we also adopt some of IETF RFCs and also when CCSA develops or published CCSA standards or industry standards, we also encourage our members to contribute the mature text or mature standards to IETF, bring it to IETF to promote the relevant RFCs, related RFCs to be published by IETF. That’s it. Thank you.
Professor Yong Cui: So may I just add some more comment. So between IETF and CCSA, I I’m also one expert of CCSA. So actually most IETF CCSA-related IP series standards, we just follow IETF standards. So when IETF products RFC ready, so we will help publish or make it to be implemented or published as a CCSA standard. So if someone invent try to invent some new, I I we just say you first should promote into the RFC then return to back as CCSA standard. So no conflicts, harmonious. So we work together to make internet better.
Rodney Meyer: What about the relationship between CCSA and ITU-T? Does China actually recognize the ITU-T standards directly or do they have to be further ratified inside of China?
Zhaoshi Zhu: You know that ITU-T is a governmental organization. CCSA support the government of China, the MIIT, to participate in ITU’s activities. And also we adopt ITU-T standards directly from ITU-T recommendations. I think this standard a lot number of ITU-T standards was adopted by CCSA, translated to CCSA standard or industry standard.
Rodney Meyer: Thanks.
Zhaoshi Zhu: Thank you.
Speaker 4: Question for CCSA. I was wondering if you guys have been thinking about how to use AI as a tool in standards development, whether it’s something mundane like taking minutes or what role you see it playing in innovation. So basically the or like language barriers or things like that. So essentially how are you thinking about AI and its role in the development of new standards. Thank you.
Zhaoshi Zhu: Thank you so much. In terms of AI I think it’s a can fall into two parts. The first one is how to develop standards on AI, and also how to use AI as a tool for the development of standards. For CCSA we have develop some CCSA standards or report on AI. And also we are now developing a model, how to say that, an AI model, dedicated AI model to review the draft standards and also to translate the Chinese from Chinese to English. This big model is expected to be issued maybe at in the end of this month. It will we hope it will help to improve the efficiency of the standards development in CCSA. Thank you.
Speaker 5: Thanks for an interesting overview. I’m curious as to whether any of the industry-developed standards that you have locally in China you expect to also send forward to the IETF and what areas do these standards come from that are not covered elsewhere internationally?
Zhaoshi Zhu: Yes, we encourage the our members or Chinese talent to contribute CCSA standard or industry standards to IETF community. In terms of the technical areas, I’m not so sure, maybe I can not give you the exact answer. Maybe the others experts can answer this question.
Professor Yong Cui: Actually I have another question here. Maybe 10 years ago we also work 4-over-6 something like IPv6-IPv4 transition technologies in CCSA. And when we get some improvement and we also talk, discuss this issues in IETF. And in that age, I think there are different discussions both in IETF and in in CCSA, and we push the technical standards both in IETF and CCSA. So my my question is, for the aspect from of IETF, do we welcome CCSA standards to IETF? Or maybe not only CCSA, maybe some other areas, some other countries, the standard from other countries to IETF, do we welcome them? I’m not sure. This is a good place to ask this question.
George Caragiannis: Hi, my name is George Caragiannis, I’m from Huawei. Thanks very much for the interesting presentations. Regarding the technology development program, you know that would stimulate newcomers to come to IETF. Are you planning to continue this program for long time? This talent development program.
David: So I I’m glad to to on answer question. So the talent program in IETF, we can we co-host by the such as CNNIC and CCSA and Huawei and Tsinghua University and ZTE, so we launch last year. In this time, there are nearly 60 students participate the program, and including 13 newcomers and some 46 normal participate. It’s a great step we think because scholarship for the especially for the students in the university. Maybe I think I can Mr. Yong Cui can answer the question from the new newcomer.
Professor Yong Cui: Yeah, actually one of my student also gets this talent support. I think this this work organized very well, not only for the payment, the cost, and there are also some organizations for the student to get involved in in IETF activities. So I really hope to get maybe the hope IETF can continue this kind of activity, but this will be determined by IETF and maybe the next host if we go to July. Thank you. By the way, thank you IETF LLC choose Shenzhen as the venue, so we our younger students can have an opportunity to join the meeting on site. Thank you very much.
Charles Eckel: Yeah, hi. Charles Eckel, um just thank you very much for hosting us here and for this presentation. I was also really impressed by what you’re doing to encourage newcomers and students, making it easier for them to participate in IETF. Um I’m wondering if you’re already familiar with the IETF Hackathon? It happens on the weekend at the start of the IETF meeting. And I think we’ve found that to be a really good way for newcomers to engage in the IETF, to work on running code associated with the standards we’re developing. So one was just wondering if you already were were aware of it and if some of your your new participants and students are already participating in it. And if so, if you have any feedback from them or if you’ve heard anything about how it’s working for them or if there’s something we could do to improve that for them in the future.
Speaker 1: Okay, thank you. The current according my thinking or according the feedback I received, the Hackathon is very very excellent. The students or newcomers are very happy about it. Thank you very much. We will try to maybe encourage them to join the future IETF meeting. Thank you.
Speaker 4: Thank you again, I have one more question and this has been very engaging. If what what do you think can be done better from your perspective to improve like the international standardization and cooperation? Or the flip side of it is, what do you think are challenges as we look to the next five years out?
Speaker 1: Challenges, I think my view, so just a personal view because current the geopolitical is very complex. But our happily our technical community, IETF community focus on technology. If we work together we will make the internet better even the world is changing but we should still keep the internet make it better. I heard Vint Cerf said “one world, one internet”, so we should achieve it, how hard it achieve, but we should try our best to make it better. Thank you.
So, one last question. We will stop at 4:45. If no more question, any comments? Maybe everyone can say a last word.
David: Okay, thank you for the that to participate the IETF because we I think we can just Mr. Mr. Yao Jiankang said we will have a better future because one world and one internet, so we are equal and we can just enjoy the information from the internet and from the future, especially such as some disabilities. So we we will do something more for the for the world is my is our duty. Thank you.
Zhaoshi Zhu: Thank you so much. Just I would like to add some information about the question about that lady have asked. I think another challenges is AI. I think AI is approaching now we are facing a AI era. So how to develop standards with AI or how to develop standards related on AI, so this is a challenge for us. CCSA done some work on this area. So we are very pleased to close collaborate with IETF to face this challenge. Thank you.
Professor Yong Cui: And also welcome to China, welcome to Shenzhen, and also welcome to Beijing. If you think our IETF community should have some kind of research and Tsinghua University is also ready to collaborate with all of you and to make our internet better. Thank you.
Yanbiao Li: Okay, thank you. Welcome to Beijing again. And I hope that IETF can make something to bridge the gap between the academia and the industry likewise standardly and encourage more newcomers from the academia to join the IETF community. Thank you.
Speaker 1: Okay thank you. We maybe just this slogan: we together we work to make IETF and internet better. So, the meeting is concluded. Thank you.
Speaker 1: We can all take pictures. Take all yours.